NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-.
Created: October 10, 2007 ; Last Update: May 18, 2018 .
A. Forthcoming Journal Articles
B. Forthcoming Books
The general format for a reference to a forthcoming journal article, including punctuation:
Forthcoming material consists of journal articles or books accepted for publication but not yet published. "Forthcoming" has replaced the former "in press" because changes in the publishing industry make the latter term obsolete.
Do not include as forthcoming those articles that have been submitted for publication but have not yet been accepted for publication. Note that some publishers will not accept references to any form of unpublished items in a reference list.
You may add the affiliation of the first author or additional authors of the article to the citation to facilitate retrieval in the event there is some delay or change in final publication. For journal articles you may also include the exact volume and issue number if known.
For more examples of the components of citations, see Chapter 1A Journal Articles.
Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.
Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a maximum of two initials following each surname
Give all authors, regardless of the number Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space End author/editor information with a periodSurnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.
Other surname rules.
Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle.
Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name.
Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.
Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).
Organizations as author.
No author included.
Options for author names.
Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country
Use commas to separate parts of the affiliationPlace the affiliation in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)
Separate the affiliation from its author by a spaceFollow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the parentheses, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period
Abbreviations in affiliations.
E-mail address included.
Organizational names for affiliations not in English.
Names for cities and countries not in English.
Enter the title of an article or book as it will appear in the final document, in the original language
Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other form of punctuation such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point is already present
Follow non-English titles with a translation, whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets
End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it or a Type of Medium follows it (see below)
Article titles not in English.
Article titles in more than one language.
Translated article titles ending in punctuation other than a period.
Article titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.
An article type alerts the user that the reference is to an abstract or a letter to the editor, not a full article
Place [abstract] or [letter] after the article title Follow the bracketed article type with a periodArticles titles ending in punctuation other than a period.
Abbreviate significant words in a journal title (see Abbreviation rules for journal titles below) and omit other words, such as articles, conjunctions, and prepositions
Capitalize all remaining title words, including abbreviationsEnd the journal title with a period unless an Edition statement or a Type of Medium is included (see below)
Abbreviation rules for journal titles.
Non-English journal titles.
Single word journal titles.
Journals appearing in different editions.
Options for journal titles.
Indicate the edition/version being cited after the title if a journal is published in more than one edition or version
Abbreviate each significant word (see Abbreviation rules for editions below) and omit other words, such as articles, conjunctions, and prepositions
Capitalize all remaining title words, including abbreviations Place the edition statement in parentheses, such as (Br Ed)End the edition statement with a period placed outside the parenthesis unless the Type of Medium is included (see below)
Abbreviation rules for editions.
Non-English words for editions.
Indicate the specific type of medium (videocassette, DVD, CD-ROM, Internet, etc.) following the title when a journal will be published in a non-print format
Place the name of the medium in square brackets and end with a period, such as [videocassette]. or [Internet].
See Chapter 16 for articles in audiovisual formats and Chapter 19 for electronic formats for more information
Both an edition and a type of medium.
Do not follow a volume number with any punctuation unless there is no issue number. In that case, follow with a period.
Supplements, parts, special numbers to a volume.
Non-English names for volume.
No volume number present.
Supplements, parts, special numbers to an issue.
Non-English names for issue.
No volume number present.
No issue number present.
Articles appearing in more than one language.
Other types of material to include in notes.
Options for date.
Laking G, Lord J, Fischer A. The economics of diagnosis. Health Econ. Forthcoming 2006.
Savinainen KJ, Helenius MA, Lehtonen HJ, Visakorpi T. Overexpression of EIF3S3 promotes cancer cell growth. Prostate. Forthcoming 2006.
Burgio, Kathryn L.; Goode, Patricia S.; Richter, Holly E.; Locher, Julie L.; Roth, David L. Global ratings of patient satisfaction and perceptions of improvement with treatment for urinary incontinence: validation of three global patient ratings. Neurourol Urodyn. Forthcoming 2006.
Loudon RP, Silver LD, Yee HF Jr, Gallo G. RhoA-kinase and myosin II are required for the maintenance of growth cone polarity and guidance by nerve growth factor. J Neurobiol. Forthcoming 2006.
Cross WW 3rd, Saleh KJ, Wilt TJ, Kane RL. Agreement about indications for total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Forthcoming 2006.
Navarro-Sarabia F, Ariza-Ariza R, Hernandez-Cruz B, Villanueva I. Adalimumab for treating rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. Forthcoming 2006.
Ilja Boor PK, Groot KD, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, Brenner C, van der Knaap MS, Scheper GC, Pronk JC. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: an update and extended mutation analysis of MLC1. Hum Mutat. Forthcoming 2006
Lantinga-van Leeuwen IS, Leonhard WN, van de Wal A, Breuning MH, Verbeek S, de Heer E, Peters DJ. Transgenic mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre for somatic gene modification in renal epithelial cells. Genesis. Forthcoming 2006.
Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Female athlete triad errors and misunderstandings. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Forthcoming 2006.
O'Rourke E, Hussain R, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ. Overlying urostomy bag simulating urinary leak in a postrenal transplant MAG3 study. Clin Nucl Med. Forthcoming 2006.
Alston RD, Tatevossian RG, McNally RJ, Kelsey A, Birch JM, Eden TO. Incidence and survival of childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Northwest England from 1954 to 1998. Pediatr Blood Cancer. Forthcoming 2006.
Ilja Boor PK, Groot KD, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, Brenner C, van der Knaap MS, Scheper GC, Pronk JC. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: an update and extended mutation analysis of MLC1. Hum Mutat. Forthcoming 2006.
NCRP Report 151. Structural shielding design and evaluation for megavoltage x-and gamma-ray radiotherapy facilities. J Radiol Prot. Forthcoming 2006.
Culley MR (Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA), Conkling M, Emshoff J, Blakely C, Gorman D. Environmental and contextual influences on school violence and its prevention. J Prim Prev. Forthcoming 2006.
Satyanarayana T (Laboratoire de Catalyse Moleculaire, Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France), Kagan HB (Laboratoire de Synthese Asymetrique, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France). Asymmetric amplification by kinetic resolution using a racemic reagent: example in amine acetylation. Chemistry. Forthcoming 2006.
Yao S, Zhang Y, Li J. c-jun/AP-1 activation does not affect the antiproliferative activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate, a cruciferous vegetable-derived cancer chemopreventive agent. Mol Carcinog. Forthcoming 2006.
Sun Y. p53 and its downstream proteins as molecular targets of cancer. Mol Carcinog. Forthcoming 2006.
Suzuki T, Hide I, Matsubara A, Hama C, Harada K, Miyano K, Andra M, Matsubayashi H, Sakai N, Kohsaka S, Inoue K, Nakata Y. Microglial α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors drive a phospholipase C/IP3 pathway and modulate the cell activation toward a neuroprotective role. J Neurosci Res. Forthcoming 2006.
Suzuki T, Hide I, Matsubara A, Hama C, Harada K, Miyano K, Andra M, Matsubayashi H, Sakai N, Kohsaka S, Inoue K, Nakata Y. Microglial alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors drive a phospholipase C/IP(3) pathway and modulate the cell activation toward a neuroprotective role. J Neurosci Res. Forthcoming 2006.
Collinet P, Decanter C, Lefebvre C, Leroy JL, Vinatier D. [Endometriosis and infertility]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. French. Forthcoming 2006.
Perea-Carrasco R, Castano-Lopez MA, Perez-Coronel R. [Adequate use of drugs and therapeutic efficacy]. Med Clin (Barc). Spanish. Forthcoming 2006.
with optional original title included
Collinet P, Decanter C, Lefebvre C, Leroy JL, Vinatier D. Endometriose et infertilite [Endometriosis and infertility]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. French. Forthcoming 2006.
Perea-Carrasco R, Castano-Lopez MA, Perez-Coronel R. Uso racional del medicamento y eficacia terapeutica [Adequate use of drugs and therapeutic efficacy]. Med Clin (Barc). Spanish. Forthcoming 2006.
Ch'ng A, Lowe M. Celecoxib allergies and cross-reactivity [letter]. Intern Med J. Forthcoming 2006.
Thabet F, Tilouche S, Tabarki B, Boukadida J, Yacoub M. [Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent child (letter)]. Arch Pediatr. French. Forthcoming 2006.
Sleth JC, Saizy C, Servais R, Pluskwa F, Lafforgue E. [Intrathecal catheter after wet tap in labour: headache prevention? (letter)]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. French. Forthcoming 2006.
Altintas EB, Yavuz H, Say R, Denizli A. Methacryloylamidoglutamic acid having porous magnetic beads as a stationary phase in metal chelate affinity chromatography. J Biomater Sci (Polym Ed). Forthcoming 2006.
Perea-Carrasco R, Castano-Lopez MA, Perez-Coronel R. [Adequate use of drugs and therapeutic efficacy]. Med Clin (Barc). Spanish. Forthcoming 2006.
Reich T, Gefen A. Effect of trabecular bone loss on cortical strain rate during impact in an in vitro model of avian femur. Biomed Eng Online [Internet]. Forthcoming 2006.
Velentgas P, West W, Cannuscio CC, Watson DJ, Walker AM. Cardiovascular risk of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and other non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 15(5). Forthcoming 2006.
Laking G, Lord J, Fischer A. The economics of diagnosis. Health Econ. Forthcoming 2006 May 2.
Zawada J, Swartz J. Effects of growth rate on cell extract performance in cell-free protein synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng. Forthcoming.
Sun Y. p53 and its downstream proteins as molecular targets of cancer. Mol Carcinog. Forthcoming 2006. Review.
Kraemer HC, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Moderators of treatment outcomes: clinical, research, and policy importance. JAMA. Forthcoming 2006. Supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health.
American Academy of Family Physicians. Information from your family doctor. What you should know about worrying too much. Am Fam Physician. 73(6). Forthcoming 2006. Patient education handout to be included.
Hao Zheng, Ng F, Yixiao Liu, Hardin PE. Spatial and circadian regulation of cry in Drosophila. J Biol Rhythms. Forthcoming. [cited 2008 Aug 11]:[18 p.]. Author’s manuscript available at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18663236 PubMed Central; PMCID: PMC2504742.
The general format for a reference to a forthcoming book, including punctuation:
Forthcoming material consists of journal articles or books accepted for publication but not yet published. "Forthcoming" has replaced the former "in press" because changes in the publishing industry make the latter term obsolete.
Do not include as forthcoming those books that have been submitted for publication but have not yet been accepted for publication. Note that some publishers will not accept references to any form of unpublished items in a reference list.
You may add the affiliation of the first author or additional authors of a book to the citation to facilitate retrieval in the event there is some delay or change in final publication.
For additional examples of the components of citations, see Chapter 2 Books.
Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.
Capitalize surnames and enter spaces in surnames as they will appear in the book on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a maximum of two initials following each surname
Give all authors/editors, regardless of the number Separate author/editor names from each other by a comma and a spaceIf there are no authors, only editors, follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; see Editor and Other Secondary Authors below if there are authors and editors
