What Is a Criminal "Complaint"?

"Complaint" has a particular meaning in the criminal justice process.

By Micah Schwartzbach , Attorney UC Law San Francisco Updated 5/08/2024

Nolo was born in 1971 as a publisher of self-help legal books. Guided by the motto “law for all,” our attorney authors and editors have been explaining the law to everyday people ever since. Learn more about our history and our editorial standards.

Each article that we publish has been written or reviewed by one of our editors, who together have over 100 years of experience practicing law. We strive to keep our information current as laws change. Learn more about our editorial standards.

An arrest, by itself, doesn't begin formal criminal proceedings. Rather, the filing of a document in court is required. In most instances in state court, the document is a "complaint."

Further Reading Criminal Charges: How Cases Get Started Updated July 19, 2023 Threatening to Press Criminal Charges: Is That Legal? Updated August 11, 2021 How Innocent Defendants Handle Criminal Charges Updated January 09, 2023

Based on Your Previous Answers, We Have a Few Last Questions

These additional details allow our attorneys to gain a deeper understanding of the specifics of your case

Submit Close Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
DEFEND YOUR RIGHTS Talk to a Defense attorney We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.

Based on Your Previous Answers, We Have a Few Last Questions

These additional details allow our attorneys to gain a deeper understanding of the specifics of your case

Submit Close

How It Works

  1. Briefly tell us about your case
  2. Provide your contact information
  3. Choose attorneys to contact you